In malnutrition, a primary deficiency is defined as what?

• A. Excess intake of calories
• B. Overhydration
• C. Excess protein
• D. Does not have an adequate intake of a nutrient

Answer: (D)

A primary deficiency is when the diet itself does not provide enough of a nutrient. It means inadequate intake, not problems with absorption, metabolism, or excessive losses. Because the body isn’t getting enough of that nutrient from food or fluids, stores are depleted and deficiency signs can develop. This is different from overnutrition (like excess calories or excess protein), which involves consuming too much rather than too little. There can also be secondary deficiencies, where intake may be adequate but a health condition or increased needs prevent proper nutrient use, but the defining idea of a primary deficiency is insufficient intake.