Which is energy-dense but not nutrient-dense?

• A. Banana
• B. Apple
• C. Spinach
• D. Chocolate bar

Answer: (D)

Think about energy density versus nutrient density. Energy-dense foods pack a lot of calories into a small amount of food, often because they’re high in fat and added sugars, but they don’t necessarily supply many vitamins or minerals. The chocolate bar fits this pattern: you get a large number of calories from a small portion, yet it provides relatively little micronutrients or fiber. In contrast, fruits like bananas and apples, and leafy greens like spinach, deliver more vitamins, minerals, and fiber for each calorie, so they’re more nutrient-dense.