Which two pancreatic hormones regulate blood glucose levels?

• A. Insulin and glucagon
• B. Amylase and lipase
• C. Gastrin and secretin
• D. Somatostatin and ghrelin

Answer: (B)

Insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose levels. They’re produced by the pancreas, specifically by the islets of Langerhans (beta cells make insulin, alpha cells make glucagon). Insulin lowers blood glucose by helping cells take up glucose from the blood and by promoting its storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles, as well as fat storage. Glucagon raises blood glucose by signaling the liver to break down glycogen and to produce new glucose through gluconeogenesis. These two hormones oppose each other to keep blood glucose in a narrow range, adapting to fed and fasting states.

The other options aren’t the pair that primarily controls glucose from the pancreas. Amylase and lipase are digestive enzymes; gastrin and secretin regulate digestion and secretions in the gut; somatostatin and ghrelin have roles in inhibiting or signaling hunger but are not the main pancreatic hormones responsible for directly managing blood glucose.